第二次伊松佐河战役

7月18日～8月3日，意軍預備隊投入戰鬥，火炮由200門增至1200門，發起第2次伊松佐河戰役。參戰意軍達25萬人，奧軍7.8萬人。意軍在幾個方向上同時實施進攻，但步炮協同差，炮兵未能摧毀奧軍鐵絲網障礙和掩體，結果損兵折將，未取得重大進展。

Second Battle of the Isonzo


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Second Battle of the Isonzo



Part of the Italian Front
(World War I)




Eleven Battles of the Isonzo
June 1915 – September 1917






Date

18 July – 3 August 1915



Location

Soča river, northwest Slovenia



Result

Austro-Hungarian Victory




Belligerents



Italy

Austria-Hungary



Commanders and leaders



Luigi Cadorna,
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Aosta

Conrad von Hötzendorf,
Svetozar Boroević



Strength



260 battalions
840 guns

130 battalions
420 guns



Casualties and losses



42,000 dead or wounded

45,000 dead or wounded







[hide]
v ·
t ·
e

Italian Front







1st Isonzo ·
2nd Isonzo ·
3rd Isonzo ·
4th Isonzo ·
5th Isonzo ·
Asiago ·
6th Isonzo (Doberdò} ·
7th Isonzo ·
8th Isonzo ·
9th Isonzo ·
10th Isonzo ·
Ortigara ·
11th Isonzo ·
Caporetto ·
Piave River ·
Vittorio Veneto



The Second Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and of Austria-Hungary in the Italian Front in World War I, between 18 July and 3 August 1915.





Contents
[hide] 1 Overview
2 The battle
3 See also
4 External references


[edit] Overview

After the failure of the First Battle of the Isonzo, two weeks earlier, Luigi Cadorna, commander-in-chief of the Italian forces, decided for a new thrust against the enemy lines with a heavier artillery support.

General Cadorna's tactics were as simple as they were harsh: after a heavy artillery bombardment, his troops were to advance frontally against the Austrian trenches and take them, after having overcome their barbed-wire fences. The insufficiency of war material – from rifles, to artillery shells to shears to cut the barbed wire – nullified their numerical superiority caused by the recent arrival of 290,000 Italian soldiers.

[edit] The battle

On the Karst Plateau took place an exhausting series of hand-to-hand fights involving the Italian Second and Third Armies, with severe casualties on both sides. Bayonets, swords, knives, and various scrap metal and debris were all used in the terrifying melee. The Hungarian 20th division lost two-thirds of its effectives and was routed, partly because of the successive attacks and partly because of the unfavourable terrain.

On 25 July the Italians occupied the Cappuccio Wood, a position south of Mount San Michele, which was not very steep but dominated quite a large area including the Austrian bridgehead of Gorizia da Sud. The Mount San Michele was briefly held by Italian forces, but a desperate counterattack by Colonel Richter, commanding a group of elite regiments, recaptured it.

In the northern section of the front, in the Julian Alps, the Italians managed to conquer Mount Batognica over Kobarid, which had an important strategic meaning in the next battles.

The battle wore out on its own when both sides ran out of ammunition for both light arms and artillery. The total casualties during the three weeks were about 91,000 men, of which 43,000 Italians and 48,000 Austro-Hungarians.

[edit] See also
First Battle of the Isonzo – 23 June 1915 – 7 July 1915
Third Battle of the Isonzo – 18 October 1915 – 3 November 1915
Fourth Battle of the Isonzo – 10 November 1915 – 2 December 1915
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo – 9 March 1916 – 17 March 1916
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – 6 August 1916 – 17 August 1916
Seventh Battle of the Isonzo – 14 September 1916 – 17 September 1916
Eighth Battle of the Isonzo – 10 October 1916 – 12 October 1916
Ninth Battle of the Isonzo – 1 November 1916 – 4 November 1916
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo – 12 May 1917 – 8 June 1917
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo – 19 August 1917 – 12 September 1917
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo – 24 October 1917 – 7 November 1917 also known as the Battle of Caporetto

[edit] External references
The Second Battle of the Isonzo, 1915 at FirstWorldWar.com
FirstWorldWar.Com: The Battles of the Isonzo, 1915–17
Battlefield Maps: Italian Front
11 battles at the Isonzo
The Walks of Peace in the Soča Region Foundation. The Foundation preserves, restores and presents the historical and cultural heritage of the First World War in the area of the Isonzo Front for the study, tourist and educational purposes.
The Kobarid Museum (in English)
Društvo Soška Fronta (in Slovenian)
Pro Hereditate – extensive site (in En/It/Sl)

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